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Micro-Edition | DOI: 10.55520/YSF9HQNH
    Keywords:
  • kinship
  • wellness
Guillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Fugitivity Fugitivity is a keyword in Black studies that captures the physical, metaphysical, armed, and everyday resistance of enslaved Africans and their allies against any and all aspects of enslavement. Rashauna Johnson, describing the “slave space” that was New Orleans, points to the specific geography of the region as lesson in fugitivity: Nonetheless, enslaved persons appropriated the places assigned them toward their own ends, a point that broadens the received gendered geographies of slave resistance. Because New Orleans was an important port city, it offered a diffuse set of pathways for escape – and recapture. If the politics of place could oppress, slaves reasoned, movement could also become an avenue to freedom. The connectedness that made the city’s location so desirable to merchants and imperial officials – its land passageways, river outlets, and Atlantic access – gave runaways an array of escape options. The fugitives redefined themselves in local “geographies of resistance,” or fled to other parts of the Atlantic World.
No description provided.
“Camera looking from water to stand of cypress along shore.” Louisiana Ecology and Conservation: Percy Viosca Jr. Collection, Louisiana Digital Library, Baton Rouge. https://louisianadigitallibrary.org/islandora/object/lsu-sea-pvc%3A263.
However, fugitivity is a term encompassing more than marronnage (which is the act of absconding from enslavers and being out of reach of slaveholding authorities, even if temporarily). Fugitivity describes active and intentional resistance, as well as the acts of imagination and refusal that Africans and people of African descent engaged in against slaveholders’ gendered racial capitalistic regime. Fred Moten writes: What's at stake is fugitive movement in and out of the frame, bar, or whatever externally imposed social logic—a movement of escape, the stealth of the stolen that can be said, since it inheres in every closed circle, to break every enclosure. This fugitive movement is stolen life, and its relation to law is reducible neither to simple interdiction nor bare transgression. Part of what can be attained in this zone of unattainability, to which the eminently attainable ones have been relegated, which they occupy but cannot (and refuse to) own, is some sense of the fugitive law of movement that makes black social life ungovernable, that demands a para-ontological disruption of the supposed connection between explanation and resistance. Fugitivity is a keyword in Black studies, and Keywords for Black Louisiana draws on insights from Black studies to better understand the sources Africans and their descendants appeared in, as well as to better interpret the individual and communal acts of resistance. Stories with this keywordMiguel and Pedro Escaped with María JuanaMaría Juana Sues for Her FreedomMama Comba's GombeauLuison Claims Her FreedomJeannot Testifies in the Case of the Disappearance of Enslaver CorbinAntoine Is Willing to Burn It All Down
Kinship Keywords for Black Louisiana views “kinship” and the battle for kin as central to Black life in the so-called New World. Kinship is the glue that knit Africans together in Gulf Coast Louisiana. Building and rebuilding fictive, chosen, and biological kin that reshaped bonds broken through the slave trade and the forced relocations of bondage in the New World occupied Africans and people of African descent from the moment of their initial capture on the African continent to the end of their lives. Larry Powell writes: Few aspects of African tradition were felt more strongly by slaves fresh from the homeland than a commitment to kinship. Severed from bloodlines, they invented new family ties on the spot. Fictive kinship was one type. Slaves acquired new siblings and new elders. But these arrangements were ad hoc and informal, anchored in nothing more solid than the sands of sentiment. Gender, age, and reproductive capacity played an important role in kinship relations and rebuilding kinship and community. As Jessica Marie Johnson writes, Understanding the role intimacy and kinship played in black women’s lives highlights black women’s everyday understanding of freedom as centered around safety and security for themselves and their progeny. Safety, particularly safety from intimate violence, and security lay at the heart of decisions to secure or reject patrons, partners, lovers, and other kin. Black women’s intimacy with individuals ranged along the spectrum of coerced to strategic, from fraternal to sexual. Determined to build community and make generations, imagining futures that were, if not beyond bondage, at least buttressed against harm, they cultivated, protected, and defended kinship networks. They engaged in a range of practices meant to safeguard their bodies and their legacies. At times this included legitimating kinship ties through formal sacred institutions like the Catholic Church. Stories with this keywordThe Two-Year-Old Son of Marianne Dies from Worm DiseaseCatalina Swears She Hasn’t Harbored María JuanaJuan Francisco Is Interrogated about María JuanaMaría Juana Sues for Her FreedomMarie Aram Secures Her FreedomMaria and Carlota Gain Their FreedomMama Comba's GombeauJeannot Testifies in the Case of the Disappearance of Enslaver CorbinJanette and Pierre: Children Enslaved on the Same PlantationHypolite Is Sold at Public AuctionGuillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are Sold at AuctionGuillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are InventoriedFrançois Became More Ill Along the WayChef Dominique and Family Stay TogetherCatharina Knows Her WorthBaptiste Is Freed by the Spanish GovernorAntoine Is Willing to Burn It All Down Manumission Manumission is the act of freeing and being freed from slavery “while the institution of slavery continues,” as described by Rosemary Brana-Shute and Randy J. Sparks. Manumission was a critical act and strategy enslaved people engaged in as they struggled for control over their lives, selves, and kinship networks. It was differentiated from emancipation, the legislative acts and actions (i.e., US Civil War) nominally freeing all enslaved people, wholesale or conditionally (i.e., with apprenticeship), across a given slaveholding society. Manumission was executed by individual enslavers on behalf of their respective property (enslaved people) through formal (i.e., legal) action. Manumission was regulated by imperial and national officials in all slaveholding societies, but the rules of manumission varied across empire, region, and even between towns or colonial outposts. In French Louisiana, manumission was regulated by a succession of Code Noirs (1685, 1724) which determined the guidelines enslavers needed to follow to complete an act of manumission. In Spanish Louisiana, the French ordinances were replaced by Spanish manumission law guided by the Siete Partidas, eighteenth-century Spanish imperial law, and the bandos de buen gobierno. The differences were stark between the two colonial periods. For example, during the French period, enslavers were required to secure ratification of the Superior Council for any manumissions. In the Spanish period, not only could enslavers directly manumit their enslaved property, but enslaved people could also appeal to the Spanish Cabildo (Louisiana's governing body during the Spanish period) for their freedom. Coartación, the process of appealing for your freedom, allowed a critical mass of Africans and people of African descent to secure their freedom. The audacity, creativity, and resistance practice of enslaved people demanding their legal freedom from their owners through coartación laid the foundation for the free population of color that would emerge in the later years of the eighteenth century. Stories with this keywordJuan Francisco Is Interrogated about María JuanaMaría Juana Sues for Her FreedomMarie Aram Secures Her FreedomMaria and Carlota Gain Their FreedomCatharina Knows Her WorthBaptiste Is Freed by the Spanish GovernorAntoine Is Willing to Burn It All Down Wellness Keywords for Black Louisiana views “wellness” expansively and radically to encompass an array of practices. For Africans in Gulf Coast Louisiana, wellness meant more than their physical health. Enslavers demanded control over Africans’ bodies, minds, and futures (via their reproductive labor). Wellness, for Africans, meant wresting control of their whole selves from enslavers. Wellness could mean body autonomy (laboring as they wished, playing as they wished, imbibing food and drink as they wished). It could mean spiritual practices that protected and preserved African systems of belief or maintained ways of organizing the supernatural that varied from Catholic doctrine. It could mean play, mischief, or even behavior the French marked as crimes, such as theft or running away, since these crimes often created space for broader wellness practices (feasts, gatherings, and marronnage).
No description provided.
Plate 23 of David Boilat’s Esquisses sénégalaises: physionomie du pays, peuplades, commerce, religions, passé et avenir, récits et légendes (Paris: P. Bertrand, 1853). Slavery Images: A Visual Record of the African Slave Trade and Slave Life in the Early African Diaspora, accessed September 6, 2023, https://slaveryimages.org/database/image-result.php?objectid=998.
Along with misreading wellness practices as crimes, enslavers also misread wellness practices as superstition. In 1734 Le Page du Pratz, for example, described the creation of gris-gris, protective devices composed of natural and inanimate materials, as being “very superstitious and attached to their prejudices.” As Gwendolyn Midlo Hall notes, Reference to grigri is found in New Orleans court records in 1773. Charms ritually fabricated and worn for protection, as well as charms intended to harm others, have kept their African names to the present day. Zinzin, an amulet of support or power in Louisiana Creole, has the same name and meaning in Bambara. Grisgris, a harmful charm, comes from the Mande word gerregerys. The words zvanga and grisgris are still widely used in New Orleans by speakers of English as well as by Creoles.
No description provided.
“Grisgris, Water Bottle & Pouch,” Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, New York Public Library. New York Public Library Digital Collections, accessed September 6, 2023, https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-6eda-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.
Stories with this keywordMama Comba's GombeauLuison Claims Her FreedomJanette and Pierre: Children Enslaved on the Same PlantationHypolite Is Sold at Public AuctionThe King's Doctor Certifies that Hypolite Is Very SickHypolite Seeks Treatment from the King's DoctorGuillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are Sold at AuctionGuillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are InventoriedFrançois Became More Ill Along the WayChef Dominique and Family Stay TogetherCatharina Knows Her WorthAntoine Is Willing to Burn It All Down
The execution of an enslaver’s will offers a window into the lives of some of the individuals she enslaved and their own relations and well-being.
Guillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are Inventoried August 26, 1776 Emma Katherine Bilski Leila K. Blackbird Jessica Marie Johnson Transcribed by Emma Katherine Bilski Translated by Emma Katherine Bilski Leila K. Blackbird Annotated by Leila K. Blackbird Emma Katherine Bilski Encoded by Leila K. Blackbird Emma Katherine Bilski E. G. Palazzolo 2024 Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing http://www.scholarlyediting.org Association for Documentary Editing 2024 kol kol Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing is freely distributed by the Association for Documentary Editing and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing Co-Editor in Chief Noelle Baker Kathryn Tomasek Consulting Editor Silvia Glick Co-Managing Editor Robert Riter Jenifer Ishee Technical Editor Micro-Editions Editor Raffaele Viglianti 41 2167-1257 Louisiana Historical Center 1776-08-26-01 Facsimle available online at the Louisiana Colonial Documents Digitization Project. https://www.lacolonialdocs.org/document/14332. The wills and estate inventories of enslavers can provide valuable details about Black, Indigenous, and Afro-Indigenous life in Louisiana, especially kinship relations.1 This story about Guillermo, Catalina, and her two children—Theréza and Luís—also reveals the subjective assessments made by enslavers, assessors, and others about the bodies of enslaved people during estate inventories and included in succession documents. Under chattel slavery, people were assigned a monetary valuation by the court or its agents. What happens when we instead ask person-centered questions about the wellness of human beings subjected to this commodification process?
El valor del afinidad 26 de agosto de 1776 Transcripción
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Año de nrõsõr de 1776 Autos fhos por Fien y Muerte de Ana Magdalena Boyer Viuda de Gabriel sulard Alias San GerminYnb.o Y tass.os de sus bienes Juez el s.or Derneville Es.no Garic
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En la Ciudad de la nueva orleans en veinte y seis de agosto de mil setecientos y setenta y seis, el Senor D.n Pedro Cavallero Dherneville Alcalde ordinario de esta Ciudad y su Jurisdicion por su Magesdad digo que a hora que seran Como las cinco de la madrugado se le han participado a Su Ma.d haver falle cido Ana Magdalena Boyer viuda San Germain en su Casa en esta Ciudad dexacido herederos presentes y ausentes en Cuya virtud passo Su Ma.d a dha casa con assistencia de mi el presente Es.no para hazer el recogimiento de las llaves que aigan quedado por su fallecimiento y ponca en Seguro los bienes que ubiese dexado respecto a dhas herederos ausentes en Cuya virtud el dho Es.no pondra por fée y testimonio la muerte de la dha viuda San Germain, y fecho todo se traiga para dar las demas provi dencias que Conbaigan y por este que Su M.re proveyo Mandar
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y firmo: Doy feé___ Derneville Ante My Juan B.a Garic Es.nopub.co En cumplim.to de lo mandado pr el auto que antecede como Mejor puedo y Devo certifico Doy fée y verdadero tenim.o que á hora que son como las nueve de la mañana de este Dia estando en la Casa donde viviendo Morada Magdale.a Boyer Viuda de Difunto Gabriel soulard Alias san Germin Vi la enunciada tendida en una Cama aun todavia cubierta con una savana al parecer Naturalm.te muerta, y como á tal
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se estava Disponiendo de su Yntiero y para q.e conste pongo el Presente en la Nueva Orleans en dha casa alos Veinte y siete de Agosto de mil sette cientos settenta y seis años.___ En testim.o de verdad Juan B.a Garic Es.no pu.co
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Negros~ 10. Ytt.n un negro numbrado Guillermo Criollo de edad de veinte y Cinco an.s tassado en trescientos y Cinquenta pessos. 350.. 11. Ytt.n una negra numbra da Catalina Criolla de Edad de veinte y Cinco anõs con sus dos hijas la una numbrada Thereza de Edad de ocho años y el otro numbrad.o Luís de diez y ocho Meses los dos mulatos tassadas Juntas en quatro cientos pessos. 400.. Y siendo las Doze Demas se suspendio este dili gencia para Continuar la esta tarde a las Dos.
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y firmo su Mrd. Con las demas partes Expressa das. de que yo el Es.no Doy fe___ Derneville Fran.co Broutin D Leonardo Mazange Frãn.co Liotau Louis Lessier filsAnte Mi Juan B.a Garic Esno puco
Guillermo, Catalina, and Her Children Are Sold at Auction August 26, 1776 LCDDP: 1776-08-26-01 Emma Katherine Bilski Leila K. Blackbird Jessica Marie Johnson Transcribed by Emma Katherine Bilski Translated by Emma Katherine Bilski Leila K. Blackbird Annotated by Leila K. Blackbird Emma Katherine Bilski Encoded by Leila K. Blackbird Emma Katherine Bilski E. G. Palazzolo 2024 Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing http://www.scholarlyediting.org Association for Documentary Editing 2024 kol kol Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing is freely distributed by the Association for Documentary Editing and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Scholarly Editing: The Annual of the Association for Documentary Editing Co-Editor in Chief Noelle Baker Kathryn Tomasek Consulting Editor Silvia Glick Co-Managing Editor Robert Riter Jenifer Ishee Technical Editor Micro-Editions Editor Raffaele Viglianti 41 2167-1257 Louisiana Historical Center 1776-08-26-01 Facsimle available online at the Louisiana Colonial Documents Digitization Project. https://www.lacolonialdocs.org/document/14332. This excerpt continues the story upon the death of the enslaver of Guillermo, Catalina, and her two children, Theréza and Luís. The high-speed patter of the auctioneer's bid calling has been preserved in this remarkable document, offering us a brief soundscape of Spanish New Orleans. This section of the legajo highlights the subjective assessments made by enslavers, assessors, and others about the bodies of enslaved people that took place before and during a slave auction.2 We can surmise that Guillermo's level of fitness (from the enslavers' perspective) or wellness (from Guillermo's perspective) was understood to be particularly high. Theréza was judged to be old enough and healthy enough to be auctioned off separately from her mother. The violence of slavery's archive reminds us of the value of kinship relations.
El valor del afinidad 26 de agosto de 1776 Transcripción
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D.n Fran.co Broutin curador adlites del menor Fran.co Naigle, en los Autos de Imbentarios fhos. por fin y muerte de Ana Magdalena Boyer viu da de Gabriel Soulard Alias S.n Germain, digo q.e haviendo sido aprovado dhos. Ymbentarios, se ha de servir V.Md mandar q.e se venden todos dhos. bienes, pregonandose por el termino de drõ: por tanto. A.V.Md. Suplico se sirva proveer y mandar como pi do por ser de Justicia, costas, y Juro no ser de malicia y en lo necessario &.a Fran.co Broutin Traslado___ Proveyolo el señor D Pedro Enriq.s Dernevil Alcalde ord.o de esta ciudad Y su Jurid.n p.r su Mag.d
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que lo rubrico en Nueva Orleans á Nueve de Sepbrẽ de mil Settecientos Sett.a y seis años___ Juan B.a Garic Esno pu.co En la Nueva orleans en dho Dia mes y año Yo el Es.no hise saver el decreto q.e antecede a D Frãn.coBroutin a D Leonordo Mazange, a d Frãn.co Liotau y Luis query en persona doy fée___ Garic Esno
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Remate. En la Ciudad de la Nueva Orleans en diez de Octubre de mil Settecientos settenta Y Seis años, el señor D.n Pedro Enriq.s Derneville, Alcalde
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ordinario de esta Ciudad y su Jurid.n por su magestad siendo como las dos y media de la tarde de este dia estando á las Puertas de la Casa de el M.J.C. de esta Ciudad para se acostumbrado para este efecto, pre sentes d.n Leonordo Mazange curador de los Jacob Naigle y Frãn.co Soulard, d.n Frãn.co Broutin defensor nombrado a Frãn.co Naigle de Luis Quiery como marido y con Junta persona de Marg.ta Soulard, y de Frãn.co Liotau tenedor de los bienes de dha difunta, mando Pregonar los Negros y casa q. dexo por su bienes dha difunta, y con efecto por Voz de Nicolas Jurdin pregonero Pub.co de esta Ciudad, Yo el Escribano hise pregonar los dhos bienes y estando presentes muchas Personas, Parecio D Carlos Decoudreaux, e hiso postura
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Sobre el Negro nombrado Guillermo criollo de edad de como veinte y cinco años conprehendido en la partida numero Diez de los citados Ynvent.s en tres cientos pessos Fuertes pagaderas dentro de Diez y ocho messes mando de esta fha dando Fianza llenaliza y abonada para la seguridad de dha Postura p.r Joseph Bisolte en trescientos y cinq.ta Pessos f.s con las proprias condiciones arriva explicadas, p.r D.n Juan Suriray de la Rüe3 en tres cientos, y ochenta pessos Fuertes á pagar conforme a las relacionadas condiciones, de diez y ocho messes de plazo contando de esta fha, afianzando dha Postura por personas abonadas, Cuya Postura de dho Suriray de la Rue le fue admitida p.r sumrd. de
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de consentimiento de el dho curador, y defensor, y mando q. se pregonase y haviendo Repeditdo el pregun distintes diciendose havia de celebrar el remate a las cinco de esta tarde, en la persona que mas diere, y haviendo tocado la Campana dha hora se havivo la Voz al Pregun Diciendo pues que no hay quien Puse ni quien demas que la Ultima postura hecha por el dho Suriray de la cantidad de tres cientos y ochenta pessos pagaderos segun queda expresado arriba por el relacionado negro Guillermo, a la una á las Dos a la tercera q. es buena q. buena q. buena Pro le haga al dho Suriray q.n se obligo en todo Forme de dro con sus bienes presentes y Futuros a pagar la enunciada cantid.d
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de tres cientos y ochenta pessos al plazo assignado en este Remate y complir lo q. en el se expressa con poderio y sumicion a las Just.s de Su Mag.d para q.e le apremien a su Cumplim.to y Firmo con su mrd Y demas partes q. supieron a todo lo qual Yo el Es.no Doy Fée___ Derneville Fran.co Broutin D Leonardo Mazange Ante Mi Juan B.a Garic Es.no pu.co Remate En la Ciudad de la Nueva orleans en onze de Octubre de mil settecientos settenta y Seis años, el señor D.n
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Pedro Enriq.s Derneville Alcalde ord.o de esta ciudad Y su Jurid.n por su Magestad, siendo como las nueve y Media de la Mañana de este dia estando a Las Puertas de la casa Capitular de esta Ciudad para se acostumbrado para estos actos con presencia de d.n Leonordo Mazange, curador Nombrado a los Menores de dha difunta, de d Fran.co Broutin defensor Nombrado al ausente Mando Pregonar los negros y la casa Perteneciente a esta subsecion, y con efecto p.r Voz de Nicolas Jurdin pregonero Pub.co de esta Ciudad, Yo el Escribano hise pregonar las dhas Bienes y estando presente varias Personas, Parecio Baup.ta San jacques Vecino de esta Ciudad, é hiso postura
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en la Negra Nombrada Catalina criolla de edad como de veinte y cinco años, con su hijo nombrado Luis Mulato de diez y ocho messes, que conprehende la partida Numero: onze de dhos Ynventarios q. antecede, en tres cientos pessos Fuertes de contrado cuya Postura le Fue admitida Por sumrd, quien man do q. se pregonase, y haviendo Repetido el Pregun distintes vizes Diciendo q.e se havia de celebrar el Remate á las Doze de este Dia en la Persona q. Mas Diere, y haviendo tocado la Campana dha hora se havivo la Voz al Pregun Diciendo Pues q. no hay quien puse ni quen de mas a tres cientos pessos q. es la postura q. hiso el dho B.ta S.t Jacques pr la nominada
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Negra Y su hijo nombrado Luis Mulato, a la una a las Dos a la tercera q. es buena q. buena q. buena pro le haga al Rematador quien paga de contado la referida cantidad de tres cientos p.s en virtud de lo q. quedo celebrado el Remate a su Favor, y recivio el dho Frãn.co Liotau Tenedor de los bienes de dha difunta q.n se oblig.a tenener dha cantidad a disposicion de el trib.l y Firma con su nrd, y demas partes de que doy Fée___ B.ta S.t Jaque Derneville Fran.co Broutin D Leonardo Mazange Ante Mi Juan B.a Garic Es.no pu.co
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En la Ciudad de la Nueva orleans en onze de octubre de mil Sette cientos Settenta y Seis añõs el señor D.n Pedro Enriq.s Derneville alcalde ordinario de esta Ciudad Y su Jurid.n Por Su Magestad estando a Las puertas de la Casa Capitular de esta Ciudad Para se acostombrado para estos actos, con presencia de d.n Leonordo Mazange curador ad litem de los menores q. dexo dha difunta, de d.n Frãn.co Broutin defensor nom.do a Fran.co Naigle ausente de esta Ciud.d de Luis Query como marido y conjunta Persona de Margarita Sulard, y de D Frãn.co Liotau tenedor de los Bienes de dha difunta, mando Pregonar los bienes q. dexo dha
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Difunta, y con efecto por voz de Nicolas Jurdin pregonero Pub.co yo el Escribano hize pregonar los dhos bienes y estando Presentes muchas personas Parecio Domingo Laugarand vecino de esta ciudad é hiso postura a la Mulatrica Nombrada Maria the reza criolla de edad como de quatro años q. comprehende la partida Numero onze de los Ynventarios q. antecede en cien pessos Fuertes pagaderas demas de diez y ocho messes contados de esta fha dando Fianza llena y Abonada para la seguridad del pago, cuya postura le Fue admitada p.r Sumrd de consentim.to del dho curador y defensor y mando q. Se pregonase, y haviendo repetido el pregun distintes occasiones Diciendose havia de celebrar el remate
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a Las cinco y media de esta tarde en la persona que mas diere y havien do tocado la Campana dha hora se aviso la Voz al Pregun diciendo pues q. no hay quien Puse ni quien demas q. el precio enunciado a las condiciones citadas p.r la nomina da Mulatrica, a la una, a las Dos, á la tercera q. es buena q. buena q. buena pro le haga al dho Lauga rand, en virtud de lo qual quedo cele brado el Remate a su Favor,y se obligo en la mejor Forma de drõ a pagar a q.n sera de drõ la dha cantidad de cien pessos Fuertes al plazo assignado en este Remate y á cumplir sus condiciones, bajo la obligacion de su persona y bienes havidos y por haver con poderio y
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sumission á las Justicias de s M. para q.e le apremien a Su cumplim.to con el Rig.r de sentencia consentida Passada en autoridad de cosa Jusgada y con renuncia.on a las Leyes Fueros drõs Y privileg.s de su Favor Y lo firmo con su mrd de demas partes Doy fée___ Derneville Fran.co Broutin D Laugarants D Leonardo Mazange Ante mi Juan B.a Garic Es.no pu.co
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ISSN 2167-1257 | DOI 10.55520/6ZH06EW2
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